Phenomenology and the Eucharistic Mass Essay Example for Free

Phenomenology and the Eucharistic Mass Essay In the investigation of correspondences, arriving at a typical accord on the best way to apply a mutual and basic comprehension of interchanges is by all accounts a close to inconceivable assignment. In the wake of being acquainted with the seven customs of interchanges by Craig in his article â€Å"Communication Theory as a Field†, I decide to investigate the convention he orders as Phenomenology. My underlying comprehension on the investigation of interchanges were very restricted to the transmission see, overwhelmed by a sender and beneficiary structure. Strangely, the transmission model in it’s starting point was socially established in religion, and utilized as a device for the dispersal of Euro driven strict qualities and practices universally. With progression in innovation, particularly in the 1920’s, the North American point of view on correspondence moved the transmission model from religion to science to mirror a multidisciplinary approach in to the investigation of interchanges. As a specialist of what was at one time the transmission see, the Catholic Church had encountered huge strict proliferation of its message through coercive transmission everywhere throughout the world. In light of Craig’s paper, the Catholic Church of today at that point epitomizes qualities of a custom perspective on correspondence, and is lined up with strict correspondence, and articulation, for example, association, interest, network, fellowship, and normal confidence. The phenomenological model of correspondence imparts attributes to the custom view that I will investigate through the Roman Catholic Eucharistic formality. The phenomenological custom portrayed by Craig, â€Å" conceptualizes correspondence as discourse or the experience of otherness† (p. 217). Correspondence in this convention isn't established in verbal transmission however rather a common encounter on fields that reach out past custom verbal or printed correspondence. With the end goal of this paper phenomenological custom can be viewed as a type of correspondence communicated supernaturally also. Gadamers’ hypothesis from â€Å"Truth and Method†, center around convention and language as an essential type of correspondence. His philosophy is that: we are just ready to comprehend ourselves and our general surroundings on the grounds that our awareness has been formed by history and conventions in manners we are to a great extent unconscious of wareness extends our comprehension of the custom. His portrayal of an I-Thou relationship as the inquiry answer rationale that underlies hermeneutic experience makes correspondence by recognizing, hermeneutics, â€Å"that lead to a rationalistic procedure of translation and development of comprehension. As a phenomenological specialist, this hypothesis has exceptionally characteristic worth. Correspondence in this training gives a significant and existential experience that I am to ready to participate in with my Creator, without some other individual. As a Roman Catholic, I have had numerous inquiries concerning the manner in which we take an interest in mass. My folks experienced childhood with the island of Trinidad, in a dedicated Catholic people group. The Spanish, that had at one time colonized Trinidad, were exceptionally dedicated to their main goal of changing over the indigenous individuals of the island. The spread Catholicism all through the nation was abundant, with network holy places all over the place, (in any event, building one over the road from my mother’s house), and including a religious community and theological school a mile further up the mountainside where my dad lived. Catholicism was not only a religion in our locale, it was a piece of the way of life, and utilized a large number of the townspeople as they worked for the theological school. My grandparents were in actuality Hindu, and changed over to Catholicism due to the solid impact and nearness it had inside the network. As a Roman Catholic kid, I had been advised to rehash, serenade, and act with quietude, worship and veneration during mass. I didn't comprehend what we were doing or what the aim was. I got increasingly hard to track down importance in going to chapel. In my late youngsters I quit going to mass in light of the fact that there was no inborn association for me in my confidence practice. I stayed a profound and profoundly established religious individual, yet I was unable to grapple with a large number of the lessons of my congregation. I avoided church for a long time. Sooner or later, I got inquisitive about what it implied. I was not searching for a philosophical comprehension as such, however rather, what did â€Å"it† mean? The reciting, the aggregate reaction as one, the petitions itself. What was I aimlessly rehashing each Sunday? I decided to contemplate the lessons of the Catholic Church in college at Newman Theological College to increase an academic point of view. Numerous things turned out to be clear, in spite of the fact that I acquiesced on some ideological focuses, (my own hermeneutical experience). Propelled by my scholarly bits of knowledge, I came back to chapel as a learned member of the mass, understanding that as a component of the network, I would have a place with the aggregate voice of the association of Christ. The Catholic mass is profoundly improved with both Phenomenological Theory just as Semiotic Tradition. In some respect you should take a gander at the semiotics so as to completely comprehend what is being conveyed during specific focuses in the eucharistic ritual. With the end goal of this paper I will concentrate on the phenomenological perspectives. The Eucharistic ceremony is a two extremely old custom, considered the genuine nearness of Christ at the last dinner did every Sunday, and is viewed as a basic piece of Catholic love. As Catholics we trust Jesus started a noteworthy new cooperation feast that we see right up 'til today. It makes us altogether and naturally share in the experience of his penance through his demise and revival. The depiction of the ceremony I’m introducing here mirrors an exceptionally fundamental summation of the custom. Toward the beginning of the ritual we are approached to offer ourselves up, and give up to God. As we partake in the Eucharistic Prayer we are in the demonstration of expressing gratefulness. The assembly is lowered as Christ is transubstantiated from man into the components of bread and wine. We all things considered grieve as Jesus is offered to the Father in penance for the wrongdoings of man. We take an interest in the Lords Prayer, and a petition for harmony. The Holy Spirit is welcome to descend upon us and join the network of admirers into one body as we get ready to acknowledge the fellowship, and offer each other an indication of harmony. As a network we ought to be viewed as one body, prepared to get Christ as a solitary body as the host. Before tolerating the fellowship we by and large humble ourselves expressing our disgracefulness and requesting empathy and absolution for our offenses. As individuals from the assemblage travel to the special raised area, it speaks to a journey in this life from an excursion of birth to death, and to the brilliant Father. When every individual gets the host, we commonly have a place with the bigger assortment of Christ. A part of the phenomenological hypothesis of correspondence as observed by Buber can be for all intents and purposes applied in this model. The I-Thou relationship is available when taking a gander at the relationship every individual from the ongregation has with their Creator, or even Catholicism itself. The demonstration of adoring collectively makes an encounter and familiarity with one another that reflects exchange in Gadamer’s model of phenomenology. Petition itself is an incredible case of the I-Thou relationship the Buber portrays. Despite the fact that it repudiates Gadamers â€Å"parallel idea of discussion emphasiz[ing] the article or topic of discussion that unites individuals in dialogue† (p. 219). Buber additionally takes note of that, â€Å"dialogue can be totally silent, yet profoundly meaningful† (p. 19), and discusses how consecrated quietness itself can be on page 227, which is clear all through the snapshots of the ceremony where people react on an enthusiastic level through adoration, modesty, distress, or apology. Burber’s hypothesis of an individual carrying on with existence with a receptive outlook, open to understanding and fundamentally carrying on with the life of discourse is the thing that reverberates most for me. My basic investigation into understanding the Catholic mass has bolstered my exchange in petition with my maker, just as my interest as an individual from the Catholic churc h. It would be expected that since building up a more clear comprehension of the mass, that I would be routinely joining in. That isn't the situation. What I developed to comprehend is that I can't adequately have a place with the gathering on the off chance that I am not naturally conveying through activity, expectation and petition when I join in. Therefore, I go to chapel when I have a more profound calling to do as such. My I-Thou relationship inside my confidence isn't undermined as I interface with my maker in discussion and petition each day, in any case, my I-Thou relationship with the other church goers would be undermined and lacking legitimacy on the off chance that I go to mass out of commitment.

Tattoos

Tattoos BY rhtanne0529 Many individuals Judge the outward articulation of others' innovativeness and magnificence. Despite the fact that assessments of this work of art have gotten all the more tolerating, it is as yet thought to be no-no. Tattoos ought not decide individuals' perspectives or considerations on the individuals who have them. At once, society thought tattoos were just for those in biker groups or the military. Just the outsiders of society were known to participate in the untouchable custom. In reality, anybody, from a school educator to a soccer mother, can have a tattoo. The nearness or nonattendance of body craftsmanship doesn't characterize the person.I have four tattoos that I chose to get for different reasons and at various occasions throughout my life. Each has a unique significance and permits me to have an outward portrayal of feelings I in some cases can't voice. My tattoos are an outflow of my character, and nobody should Judge me for them. I have confronte d difficulty, even from relatives, because of my tattoos and piercings. I didn't mess with getting a tattoo. I didn't stroll into an irregular shop and point out an attracting on the divider to be inked on my skin. I conversed with my folks, riends, minister and tattoo craftsmen before getting tattooed.I needed my choice to be very much educated so I could never think twice about it. In spite of the fact that I realize I did nothing incorrectly, I despite everything face individuals who Judge me. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. said he trusted his youngsters would not be Judged by the shade of their skin yet the substance of the character. Despite the fact that his â€Å"l Have a Dream† discourse didn't allude to tattoos, it supported balance. It ought not make any difference in the event that somebody is white, dark, green or inked, everybody ought to be dealt with the equivalent. Individuals ought to be Judged by their character, not their appearance. It is who an individual is within that matters.As Christians, we are instructed not to Judge anybody, regardless of whether it is for their activities or their appearance. God will be the one to Judge me. My Father made me wonderfully and adores every last bit of me, including my tattoos. Tattoos, truly, are Just as a very remarkable approach to show style and imaginative incentive as the sorts of dress worn; with the exception of, they are lasting. Until somebody becomes acquainted with an individual with tattoos, they ought not accept any generalization about the inked. We are for the most part people and need to show love by not Judging others' appearances.

European political systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

European political frameworks - Essay Example The nations that participated in 1958 incorporate Belgium, Germany, France, Italy, Netherlands and Luxembourg. These six nations were inspired to put all in all the coal and steel ventures under supra-national control. The coal and steel created to European Economic Community in 1958. In 1995 three nations joined the association in particular Austria, Finland and Sweden. In 2007, Bulgaria and Romania joined the association. In 2004, Cyprus, Estonia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Malta, Latvia, Lithuania, Slovakia, Poland and Slovenia were viewed as a component of European Union and biggest reconciliation that occurred. The joining included the breaking of a portion of the nations limitations to stick to specific issues, for example, the free development issues. To certain nations, the Stabilization and Association Process set up to manage specific cases before acknowledgment, was a test to passage. In 1973, the accompanying nations joined European Union, Denmark, United Kingdom and Irelan d. Greece participated in 1981 and Spain in 1986 (Zeff and Pirro,

Juvenile Probation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Adolescent Probation - Essay Example The law today takes a gander at these adolescents as survivors of society as opposed to as culprits of a wrongdoing. There are numerous upgrades and changes being actualized in the adolescent equity framework and one of these is the expanding utilization of probation to enable wayward youths to keep away from prison time. In such manner, a strongly suggested approach is the utilization of data innovation to improve the probation organization framework by giving post trial supervisors access to indispensable information instantly. Superior Teams †a standout amongst other distinct advantages in the organization of an adolescent probation framework is the utilization of the new data innovation (IT). Its utilization is a positive effect on the individuals who need to screen a few hundreds or even a huge number of the adolescents waiting on the post trial process. With an IT framework set up, post trial supervisors can get the required data to make their employments simpler. Data inn ovation has for quite some time been perceived as the empowering agent that has a major positive effect on social work practice. The data contained in a database will permit post trial agents to settle on better choices concerning utilizing a right mediation methodology with respect to a specific adolescent â€Å"probationer† on the grounds that they have close by data about that youth.

Critical Essay Cross Cultural Communication and Practice

Question: 1. What are the standards of socially suitable or socially touchy development?2. How do these identify with advancement hypothesis and practice generally?3. How may these standards be applied by and by and large inside your objective network (you might need to concentrate in on your ideal expert region of work here)4. What may improve your ability as a socially skilled advancement professional in this unique situation? Answers: Presentation Culturally diverse correspondence is alluded as the captivating territory that has attempted to enable the comprehension about the people groups originating from the distinctive social foundations and those convey, look at and enhance the courses (Blum-Kulka, House and Kasper 1989). In the last work I have referenced that I have a place with the Hindu religion and filling in as the structural designer in one of the global association situated in New Delhi. Its prominent that in the nation like India, there are numerous strict networks, and cross culture s the work place has gotten very normal (Blum-Kulka, House and Kasper 1989). In the western nations they have the solid and stable culture; what other place in India we have for the most part precarious just as respectably less lenient culture (Blum-Kulka, House and Kasper 1989). There are numerous strict networks existing in the nation that has upgraded the way of life and correspondence rehearses in the nation, yet the primary cente r is put over its progression and the turns of events (Blum-Kulka, House and Kasper 1989). With the progressions coming in the universal social changes, the idea of globalization has expanded, and made the worldwide business as their need to take the worldwide organizations to grab hold of the upper hand (Blum-Kulka, House and Kasper 1989). The socially delicate networks play numerous difficulties at the working environment, and its a test to deal with this sort of workforce (Blum-Kulka, House and Kasper 1989). I have chosen Islam as my objective culture, as in India there are numerous Muslims dwelling in the nation. Dealing with the distinctions in the objective culture isn't simple as they shift in dialects, societies and in their convention and overseeing them in worldwide organizations isn't simple (Blum-Kulka, House and Kasper 1989). The assorted variety in the HR inside the organization identifies with the social arrangement, and yet it impacts the character just as brain research of the partners (Blum-Kulka, House and Kasper 1989). The objective culture sleeted by m e is Muslim culture. Culture in country progresses its correspondence and the expanded culture at the work environment likewise offers numerous chances of adapting and yet there are numerous downsides of it, as altering with individuals from various foundations isn't excessively simple (Blum-Kulka, House and Kasper 1989). 1. Socially touchy improvement in target culture India is considered as the spot having the high social legacy that impacts the people groups creativity (Davis 2009). Through India is considered as the most elevated business center in the worldwide exchange business, however all the while, it gets trying for the organizations in adjust with the social move in the nation (Carbaugh 2013). The business in the India holds the social manners alongside morals, which is required by the worldwide companies to adjust with both adaptability and resistance (Davis 2009). The India is the nation with broadened societies, and in which culture is totally variation in setting of characteristic in which they ask, religion, and appearance, welcome, condition of working environment, conduct, correspondence, and womens working at the work environment, propensities for drinking, and eating (Carbaugh 2013). Along these lines, the global organizations that are working together in India require to adjust with the social standards in setting of promoting and different exercises of activities; accordingly, they have to follow the legitimate commitments and furthermore need to make the market unwaveringness towards the organization through expanding the sentiment of belongingness (Rogers and Shoemaker 1971). Organizations in India need to confront different issues for the most part the difficulties of cross culture in setting of the working environment condition and for leading the advertising exercises with the clients of host nation; the difficulties of culture interface with the language, religion, ladies working in workplaces, working style, appearances, conduct just as demeanor (Rogers and Shoemaker 1971). Every one of these components pay significant job in the way of life of an association and the reliability, and consumer loyalty as the nearby national that attempts to lean toward those brands wherein they could really trust and feel the belongingness and the association that could interface with more clients (Rogers and Shoemaker 1971). Islam is one of the significant religions rehearsed in India and the equivalent includes the various parts of the life in the nation (Rogers and Shoemaker 1971). This confidence of Islam puts light on the liberality of the religion, alongside humility and regard in the business that is totally inverse of the hierarchical culture situated in USA (Rogers and Shoemaker 1971). The individual regard just as respect is the most unmistakable and preeminent in the way of life of Islam and the conversations about the business are really done through the help of the aberrant correspondence style (Gudykunst 2003). Chain of command in the associations is considered as the key idea in the India that concentrations over the methodology of top down for taking the choices, specialists and for capacity to incorporate to the one individual (Scollon, Scollon and Jones 2011). On account of direct correspondence, they attempt to leave the less space in examination with the way of life of the association, however the Islam gives high an incentive towards the thoughtfulness in the business (Gudykunst 2003). Next factor identifies with ladies shaking hands in the gatherings is really confined, and ladies attempt to abstain from warmly greeting the men (Scollon, Scollon and Jones 2011). Its prominent that the individual status in the organization is viewed as significant and t he top individual is welcomed first (Scollon, Scollon and Jones 2011). Neighborliness is additionally considered as the matter of pride in the Islamic culture and they even attempt to save the respect to have the individual or association (Gudykunst 2003). The way of life of India is in reality extremely immense in setting of various factors, and clothing is the most significant factors in the Islamic culture (Scollon, Scollon and Jones 2011). Ladies need to wear the Abaya that spread their body. Culture in India attempts to start the correspondence that is really conclusive in its inclination (Scollon, Scollon and Jones 2011). At specific focuses the decent variety at the work environment, there are sure basic components that underpins in having the effective correspondence with the affiliations (Scollon, Scollon and Jones 2011). By considering the experience of the Ting-Toomey and Chung, it very well may be referenced that the progressive arrangement in the organizations it gets basic to include the equivalent thankfulness inside the way of life, alongside religion worth and certainty (Ting-Toomey and Chung 2012). For instance, while working in the structural designing organization there is numerous individuals who originate from var ious religions who receive their specific arrangement of practices social orders and points of view (Scollon, Scollon and Jones 2011). While this can be considered as basic in having the relationship to give ensure, as it gives equivalent organization and furthermore give space in each gathering through breaking the legitimate objective (Ting-Toomey and Chung 2012). It is likewise seen that because of the social differences in insights; subsequently, they are not passed on appropriately, and there are numerous purposes behind it, for instance a specialist who originates from the Hindu religion may converse with the vernaculars, what other place the individual from the Islamic culture probably won't do likewise (Groeschl 2003). These elements come in the perplexity because of the tongue bewilder that frequently comes in the mix-ups which stops by giving the information (Ting-Toomey and Chung 2012). It is investigated that there are three advancement process phases of socially touchy networks, which incorporates inadequacy, and social capability through having different intellectual, talented based and full of feeling components (Groeschl 2003). The Groeschl attempts to keep up the essential effects of the conveyed benefits through the assistance of professionals that are very touchy, inept, or socially skillful and are additionally harming, helpful, just as nonpartisan (Groeschl 2003). In any case, there is a nitty gritty clarification of the procedure that is given through Lung-Tan and Yuan-Ho (2005), under which they incorporates six phases of the socially touchy turn of events (Lung-Tan and Yuan-Ho 2005). Along these lines specialists, for example, frameworks and association, advance through the social limit, social ruinous tendency, social pre-capability, social visual deficiency, social capability, just as social fitness (Lung-Tan and Yuan-Ho 2005). According to Hofstede (1984), for advancing with the experts one require to value the decent variety of culture at the working environment and ought to likewise attempt to recognize the predispositions of culture and should know about what happens when the two culture collaborate with one another (Hofstede 1984). Besides, the activities taken by them have to attempt the social foundation of each individual working in global organization (Gray 1988). 2. Improvement hypothesis There are numerous specialists and the researchers who are attempting to make the effect on the distinctions lying in the cross culture and on the conduct of the individuals so as to help them in decreasing the dangers of intercultural of the worldwide business (Gray 1988). As per the originator of Intercultural Development Institute of research, it is accepted that there are many experienced individual, who needs to confront the social contrasts and there are numerous individuals who has attempted to build up the intercultural competenc

Ask Yourself

Ask Yourself I know I havent written anything lately. Portraying MIT feels a bit weird now because my boyfriend, a sophomore in mechanical engineering, has just taken a leave of absence. Taking a break from the Institute is not unheard of here. I can think of several people I know who are currently taking time off, have recently come back, or have returned, realized MIT was still not what they wanted, and left again for good. So theres something I want to convey to you. MIT is not for everyone!! Its not that theres anything intrinsically wrong with the Institute. But its just impossible to satisfy everyone, you know? For example, if you really wanted to pursue a career in advertising, then you might be able to find someplace better. A lot of emphasis in choosing colleges goes towards student life. Are there enough places to eat? Do our traditions seem cool to you? Can your dorm/FSILG make you feel at home? While these are all extremely worthwhile questions, they shouldnt overshadow the most important question of all: What are you going to study? Would a degree from MIT really be worth it if you spent the years unhappily toiling through a course of study thats not even vaguely within your interests? I dont think it is (but Im sure there are people whod argue..). You can stay undecided for a certain amount of time, but there comes a point in time when you need to decide on a major (sometime during sophomore year) and then study the heck out of it with awesome MIT skill. Most areas of study here revolve around engineering. Anything else besides science/engineering tends to feel like some other major (Im in such a major!). That said, the other programs here range from amazing to fantastic (I really really love my major). But there are only a finite number of them. My point is, think long and hard about what you want to study before deciding where. Ask yourself questions enough to make yourself see your own personal truth. Here are a few to start off: Do you enjoy being worked (read: challenged) over and over again? At least youll be happy while youre hosed. Do you despise the thought of working through *Magic Algebra* repeatedly? Then you probably dont want to become an engineer. Do you prefer hands on work or theoretical studies? Youll want to figure out how MITs department learns a given subject. This is not to say that answers are absolute. People change over time. MIT is especially great at showing you just what unbelievable feats you are capable of. But in the end you are you, learning is not one-size-fits-all, and your studies are a central part of your college life, wherever you choose to pursue it. My next entry will probably be about MITs School of Architecture + Planning (yes, with the plus sign). Stay tuned!

Business Management The Organizational Problem Essay - 550 Words

Business Management: The Organizational Problem (Thesis Proposal Sample) Content: ORGANIZATIONAL MANAGEMENT (By)Students NameTutorUniversityCourse NameDateThe Organizational ProblemTesco is a grocery company that was one of the leading chains a few years back (Ritson 2014, p.78). However, the company has experienced a drastic decline in the market share. There were several allegations raised by several stakeholders regarding the drastic drop, and the best solution for the company would be to carry out research to gather ideas that can salvage the business before it is dissolvedProblem StatementTesco Company used to dominate the market in Britain, and the current trend of a reduction in stock is questioning (Ritson 2014, p.106). Although it could be attributed to the management because of the resignation of the Chairman, Richard Broadbent, it was not conclusive (Ritson 2014, p. 201). Therefore, the best method to gather sufficient information on the cause and solution for better performance was through a comprehensive research.Research StrategyThe r esearch will use a quantitative study design. The approach will be essential since there will be a broad involvement of employees and consumers in a bid to win their trust. The performance of all the employees will also be evaluated to ensure quality of service delivery and accountability for every transaction (Nash 2006, p.96) HypothesisThe financial problems in Tesco are not only the responsibility of the management panel, but also all the levels of employees RationaleThe service delivered by each employee is what pools up and is used by the management in coming up with strategies to work with (Nash 2006). Putting all the blame on the management is wrong because most of the times they give guidelines that are implemented by the rest of the employees. Therefore, it is a collective responsibility of employers and workers in ensuring the efficacy of the company (Nash 2006, p. 65).Research InstrumentSince it is a quantitative research, questionnaires would be the best instrument. Open -ended questionnaires would be preferred to closed questionnaires because they provide the freedom of expression. All the study participants will not be limited to the amount of information given. To prevent bias, the eligible respondents will be chosen randomly, and the sample population should be large enough to reduce the occurrence of statistical errors.Ethical ConsiderationsThe study participants will be briefed on the aim of the research and consent will be sought before taking part in the study. Once they have consented, they will be free to decide on what they want to write, and no suggestions will be given. Security of the data will be assured, and there will be no threat to those participants who do not comply with the instructions. In addition, confidentiality of information will be prioritized while conducting interviews.Sample PopulationThe sample population of the project will be employers, employees and some loyal customers of Tesco. The employees will form the majori ty of the study participants because they have first-hand information that can be paramount in coming up with solutions (Nash 2006)

UCLA Application Essay 3 Essential Points to Be Covered in Your Paper

The writing your college application paper is one of the most important steps in the college application process. It is, therefore, important to know exactly what to include if you want to join your dream school. Every year, hundreds of students across the world apply to join the UCLA. The college’s admission officials receive numerous letters for every freshman year. Knowing just how to strike the right chord is the first step towards standing out and getting a slot at one of the world’s most successful schools. Here are some of the most important things one must include in their UCLA application: 1. The Larger Picture The first thing to do in the UCLA application essay is to paint the bigger picture. Every other college course is part of a larger ecosystem, a larger industry. One must include in their essay some information that shows they understand this bigger picture, explains that they would like to be a part of it and why. One must include in their essay why they are passionate about the industry, the direction they would like to go in the future, and why it is important. Having analyzed the list of questions that interest admissions, make sure UCLA will surely ask you most of these questions during the personal insights portion of the application. 2. Specifics There will almost always be different universities offering the same course across the country or region. Another important addition that one must make in their essay is the explanation why they have chosen that particular school. When applying to UCLA to study architecture, for instance, one must specify why they have chosen UCLA and not any other school in the country. Reasons here might not necessarily be academic in nature, but it is important to show just how perfect a fit the school will be for you as an individual. It might help to tell the board why other options or schools do not fit, especially when you have considered other schools. 3. Credentials Again, even with information about the industry and the course one is applying for as well as the information on why the school is the best fit, there will almost always be numerous people with just the same points of view or reasons for applying. At this point, it is important to tell the UCLA admissions board why they should consider your application and not that of the other individual. The university will ask questions requiring you to, for instance, explain what makes you stand out from the crowd. Application officers read numerous essays every day, so it is important to have your essay stand out. One of the most effective ways to do this is to show your best self as well as your key intentions. Do this by making the application essay as unique to you as possible. The easiest way to have your essay rejected is to have it sound generic and rehearsed. Connect the essay to a personal experience or way of life and show the school why you are really passionate about them.

Newton s Laws Of Motion - 1561 Words

Newton’s Laws of motion has influenced the safety aspects on cars in a revolutionary way and has very much acted as a backbone of its development over the past century. Since, the invention of the first functioning car in 1885 by Karl Benz, the conception of a car has been completely transformed, from its design and engines to its safety features, everything has been entirely transmuted. Correlating the first functional car to the automobiles of the current period, the evident dissimilarity between the two are vast. The major features comprised within the first two-seated gasoline powered vehicle was the compressed high-speed single-cylinder four-stroke engine with an output of 0.55 kW and maximum speed of 16 km/h (ScienceIQ.com), as shown†¦show more content†¦Exemplifying this in a real-life context, if a tissue box is positioned on the back dashboard and if the car approaches to a sudden stop, the tissue box would fly forward and could potentially injure the occupan ts of the car. This example correlated to the Law of Inertia and seat belts because the car was travelling at an excessive speed, and when it came to a halt, the law of inertia made the tissue box fly forward as it continued to travel in its same motion, but if the tissue box was stationed by an external force, it wouldn’t fly forward. The major role of Seat belts’ in a collision is to prevent the passenger from moving around inside the car. After detecting an impact, the seat belts lock in place. At the point when the car collision occurs, there is no unbalanced force acting on the passenger, so they are jolted forward onto the windscreen as stated by Newton s First Law. The seatbelts cause a controlled deceleration of the person, reducing the brutality of the injuries. As shown in Figure 2 in 2008 alone, more than 255,115 lives were saved as a result of seatbelts and since 1975, it has saved over 2,000,000 lives, proving its significance (Emaze.com, 2016). Eventhough Newton’s first law has inclined the introduction of this feature, Newton’s second law has also made a significant mark on safety aspect of cars. Newton’s second Law of Motion, which states that the larger the

Discretion in the Criminal Justice System - 1898 Words

Discretion In The Criminal Justice System Discretion is the eminence of once behavior or the way of speaking in order to avoid any offensive occurrence or speaking up any private issues or information in public. It is the self-determination for someone to choose or think what should be better to be done in particular circumstances. Especially for a judge, a public official or other private party has the authority to make decisions on any legal matters or other big official subjects. Thus, a person who is authorized with the power of discretion often thinks about how to apply the given supremacy. In the criminal justice system, discretion is often performed by the police, prosecutors, judges and juries, correctional officials and†¦show more content†¦He then called his former partners and accused them that they were lying he even resigned from his work without permission and said that he got his permission from his supervisor. Since, his guiltiness was not as grievous so the Judge gave him a thirty day suspension. According to the California Court of Appeal, the trial judge later accepted the petition for Norton and recalled his discharge. There were no sufficient proves that would go against Norton, that stated that he told the ill person to go and hang herself. It was purely a suicidal attempt. He later was told not to work in the mental illness department as the jury thought that this kind of behavior or situation might happen in future. And that it would be serious issue for the public. Thus, this case above shows the standard use of discretion through evidence s. Discretion of the Court is the system of the court that governs individuals those who are charged for committing crimes, examine the time of their trial and other during major purposes of trial. A person who accused of committing a crime is normally is held in the jail till the time it is proved that whether the person is guilty or innocent. However, the court has the authority to bail out the person before the trial. But they would need certain documentation and that the person cannot leave the place until the trial takes place. Sometimes the person who is accused may also need to pay some fines orShow MoreRelatedDiscretion Of The Criminal Justice System1509 Words   |  7 PagesDiscretion, undoubtedly plays a massive role and is implemented in various aspects of the system. But what is discretion? Discretion, as defined in Canadian Criminal Justice: A Primer, is merely the freedom to choose among different options when confronted with the need to make a decision. As significant part of the criminal justice system in Canada, being a police officers â€Å"involves the use of a significant amount of discretion† (McKillop Pfeifer, 2004) . Due to the portrayal of the police byRead MoreThe Police Discretion And Criminal Justice System Essay949 Words   |  4 PagesReforming the Police Discretion Criminal justice system has three main subsystems: police, courts and corrections. Each subsystem has its particular duties, but they work together to meet the goals: doing justice, controlling crime and preventing crime (Cole, Smith, DeJong, 2015). Although this system had been built for a long time ago, continuously, some of its policies need to be reconsidered and reformed to suit the society with various situations. One of the characteristics that exercisedRead MorePolice Discretion And The Criminal Justice System Essay2078 Words   |  9 Pages Police discretion is widely considered a vague term that has an appropriately vague definition. It is defined as the decision-making power afforded to police officers that allows these individuals to decide if they want to pursue police procedure or simply let someone off with a warning (Beckett, 2016). It is an important enforcement option in policing and plays a key role in our criminal justice system here in Canada. Examples of when discretion is used include: traffic violations, youth crimeRead MoreLegal - Discretion in the Legal System Essay1226 Words   |  5 PagesExplain the role of discretion in the criminal justice system. As a society we believe that offenders should be held accountable for their actions but also treated fairly in the criminal investigation, trial process and sentencing. As a result of this, the power of discretion, that is the ability to choose from a range of options, is granted to some authorities ensure some flexibility for decision making within the system, enabling a more holistic outcome for all parties involved. The issuesRead More Criminal Justice System Essay1123 Words   |  5 Pagesenforcement, namely enacting the law, police discretion, and assessment of criminal behavior. Different entities create and enact laws that are specific for the societies those laws represent. In the United States the criminal justice system is broken down into two models, the Consensus model and the Conflict model. The procedure of achieving justice is comprised on three basic levels: policing, justice, and corrections. The two models of criminal justice system are influenced by a plethora of factorsRead MoreThe Four Goals Of The Criminal Justice System769 Words   |  4 PagesThe criminal justice system was put into place for several reasons. There are four main goals of the criminal justice system that all work together to improve and maintain justice in society. The criminal justice system aims to protect society by preventing future crimes from happening and by keeping criminals from committing more crimes. Another goal of this system is to appropriately punish those who commit a crime after it’s been determined that a crime was committed. In addition to punishmentRead MoreDiscretion Within The Criminal Justice Process1667 Words   |  7 PagesDiscretion in policing and the court system is a necessary and unavoidable facet of criminal justice work, yet it is still very controversial. Discretion exists when courtroom actors (police officers, attorneys, judges) have the flexibility to choose an appropriate response to a situation. Police discretion is defined as â€Å"The opportunity of law enforcement officers to exercise choice in their daily activities† (Nowacki, 2015). This means that actors with a great deal of discretion at their disposalRead MoreThe Public Idea Of Discretion1220 Words   |  5 Pages(2011) describe the public idea of discretion as a very misunderstood aspect of police work, therefore making the public’s opinions of police operations negative in some circumstances. Abdullah and Wells (2011) also highlight Packers crime control model saying that â€Å"A crime control model places high value on efficiency in apprehending and punishing offenders† and â€Å"to operate efficiently the officers must act quickly†. A more concise definition of police discretion is viewed by many law enforcementRead MoreSocietal Trends That Impact the Criminal Justice System948 Words   |  4 PagesSOCIETAL TRENDS THAT IMPACT THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM Suzie A. Anderson Everest University Online CCJ 1017-52 Criminology Jamie Onion April 8, 2012 Utilizing everything you have learned about crime and criminal behavior this term, you will now have the opportunity to think about the future of our society and how the criminal justice system should prepare. Identify and discuss the societal trends that will impact the criminal justice system over the next ten years. The societal trendsRead MoreThe Death Penalty Was Furman V. Georgia Essay1300 Words   |  6 Pagespeople view the death penalty was Furman v. Georgia. This case set up a guide for limited sentencing discretion; this meant that sentencing for the death penalty would become standardized. Essentially in extreme cases, every criminal death qualified would be sent to death row and eventually executed. After disputes after Furman, cases like Woodson v. North Carolina insisted on individualized discretion when discussing the death penalty. Those in favor of Woodson believed that character ad record of

Earnings Management Essay - 1007 Words

Introduction Financial statements provide useful information to a wide range of users. These users include shareholders, owners, investors, suppliers, managers, government and creditors etc. Many users rely on the information from financial statements to make decisions. Therefore, financial statements should be relevant, provide faithful representation, comparability, verifiability, timeliness and understandability. However, there are different evidences of managers manipulating the earnings for various reasons. â€Å"Earnings management is the choice by a manager of accounting policies, or real actions, affecting earnings so as to achieve some specific reported earnings objective† (Scott, 2012, p. 423). Managers play an important role in†¦show more content†¦The studies of Paul M. Healy (1985) indicated incomes and accounting polices changes strongly associated with the mangers’ bonus contracts from two types of tests, accrual tests and tests of changes i n accounting policies. Healy (1985) conclude â€Å"Managers are more likely to choose income-decreasing accruals when their bonus plan upper or lower bounds are binding, and income-increasing accruals when these bounds are not binding† (p. 106). Therefore, managers would have the motive to manipulate the earnings. Avoid getting fired is another reason that managers participate in earnings management. Majority of the managers are evaluate based on the company’s performance. If the company’s performance does not meet the investors or shareholders’ expectations, the manager could potentially get fired. Managers would have the motivation to make sure the net income meet with the expectations. Corporates Motives Managers engage in earnings management for corporate interests. Corporations have strong interests to meet the investors’ expectations as managers. Scott (2012) mentioned failure to investors’ earnings expectations has direct impact on the companies (p. 435). It will affect the firm’s share value, and investors might not invest the firm due to the earnings does not meet the expectation. Meeting investors’ earnings expectation is a great motive of earnings management. When aShow MoreRelatedEarning Management1159 Words   |  5 PagesEarning management is good or not? Introdcution This essay is to examine whether earning management is it good or bad. Though there is so many debate about whether it should be accepted to be good rather than bad, however, this essay will explain the both side of earnings management. Earnings management reduces the quality of financial reporting, it can interfere with the resource allocation in the economy and can bring adverse consequences to the financial market. This essay analyses both, causesRead MoreEarnings Management3502 Words   |  15 PagesIs earnings management good or bad? Who (or which part of corporate governance mechanisms) is responsible to constrain earnings management? To what extent can the auditor constrain earnings management? Propose some methods for the auditors to detect and constrain earnings management. Does market react to firms earnings management behavior? In order to discuss earnings management and what its affects are on business and whether or not its a good thing, one must first understand what earnings managementRead MoreEarning Management: Is It Good or Not?1167 Words   |  5 PagesEarning management is good or not? Introdcution This essay is to examine whether earning management is it good or bad. Though there is so many debate about whether it should be accepted to be good rather than bad, however, this essay will explain the both side of earnings management. Earnings management reduces the quality of financial reporting, it can interfere with the resource allocation in the economy and can bring adverse consequences to the financial market. This essay analyses both, causesRead MoreEthics in Earnings Management Essays1320 Words   |  6 Pagesconcern. With that goal in mind, management must continually report sustained or improved earnings to stakeholders to ensure constant and new investments in the company’s future (Geiger van der Laan Smith, 2010). The pressure to report positive results can lead management to engage in earnings management activities to alter short-term results to meet the goals set forth (Geiger van der Laan Smith, 2010). In addition to the pressures on company management, broad accounting principles introduceRead MoreFigure Out Weather Earnings Management Is Fraud1822 Words   |  8 PagesSummary The objective of this research paper is to figure out weather earnings management is fraud. I included some information of earnings management first. Earnings management is managers’ accounting choices. Managers may use different accounting techniques to create some opportunities within the boundary of GAAP, so that they can make financial statements look better. I stated the top 5 techniques of earnings management and relevant examples: †¢ The big Bath †¢ Cookie jar reserves †¢ Revenue recognitionRead MoreQuestions On Financial Earnings Management1758 Words   |  8 PagesDichev 1997; Degeorge, Patel and Zeckhauser 1999) identify three earnings thresholds managers seek to achieve when they report financial statements: avoiding negative earnings, avoiding earnings declines, and avoiding negative earnings surprises. A large number of studies use these three earnings thresholds to test earnings management in various research settings. This dissertation investigates another potential earnings management threshold, peer performance, which has been largely ignored in theRead MoreEarning Management4183 Words   |  17 PagesIndustry of UAE Practice Earnings Management Dr. Mohammed Obeidat Introduction It is the right of external users of accounting information to be provided with more adequate information to protect their interests. Many questionable issues concerning the term of earnings management are still available. Auditors, accountants, financial analysts, and other concerned parties may hold the responsibility of detecting external users from the practices of earnings management. Many questionable issuesRead MoreEarning Management4172 Words   |  17 PagesBanking Industry of UAE Practice Earnings Management Dr. Mohammed Obeidat Introduction It is the right of external users of accounting information to be provided with more adequate information to protect their interests. Many questionable issues concerning the term of earnings management are still available. Auditors, accountants, financial analysts, and other concerned parties may hold the responsibility of detecting external users from the practices of earnings management. Many questionable issuesRead MoreThe Practices Of Earnings Management1342 Words   |  6 PagesFrom my point of view, I believe that the different practices of earnings management are misleading to the stakeholders, and it aims at increasing or decreasing the reported earnings based on the executive decisions and what would serve their position in the market. This drives us to ask who the users of the company’s financial statements are. Those are the parties that rely on financial statements for decision making. And they are summarized in the following groups: Employees, Customers, SuppliesRead MoreA History Of Earnings Management1624 Words   |  7 PagesA History of Earnings Management, Financial Scandals, and the Resulting Legislations At the turn of the 21st century, America found itself wrought with multiple financial scandals. The poor decisions of just a few executives resulted in thousands of people out of a job, pension funds wiped away, and houses going back to the bank. While earnings management was certainly not a new concept nor was the resulting fraud, the high number of scandals within a short period of time brought it front and center

Be An Anthropologist Free Essays

1. The concept of descent with modification, or evolution, has a great deal of evidence in its support. Indicate the major types of evidence? The concept or idea that species change and evolve into new and different species was described and was an established concept in Darwin’s day this was described as descent with modification. We will write a custom essay sample on Be An Anthropologist or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Concept of descent with modification has major evidence in support, in fact we no longer refer to the this adaption as descent with modification, rather it is now called biological evolution. According to our text species of living things are related in some fashion similar to a branching tree. However the process is not quite that simple adaption relies on several processes and to prove this or the evidence used to confirm this is ecology. Science uses the habitats of living organisms to explain the relationships between the organisms. Secondly scientists uses the concept of niche which is the adaptive response to an environment. In addition to this information science uses geological and fossil records to explain the changes and diversity that have happened between species over time,through the concepts of natural selection. Scientists believe each fossil is a piece of evidence about the way species adapted and the changes that took place over a period of time. â€Å"Humans are Old World primates† Humans however have striking similarities as well as differences from that of the chimp or gorilla. For instance vision human vision is the same as any other diurnal primate meaning we clearly see the same as monkeys and apes. Our sense of smell is the same as that of the anthropoid primate or ape. Similarly our behavior patterns are closely resembled of most old world apes, humans live in societies that -are based on collective conscious responses of a group of individuals. However as I mentioned before humans also have significant differences from that of other primates, for instance human growth, maturity, and reproduction is clearly different humans birth twins one out of every two-hundred and fifty births, human babies are born far more helpless than any other primate species. Also non human primates mature much more rapid than that of a human. The human brain is far more larger that that of any other primate human brains are three-times the size predicted against human body weight thus a larger brain indicates human primates are more intelligent than that of other primates like monkeys, or apes. 3. Distinguish between members of genus Australopithecus and Paranthropus in terms of time, location, and physical features The earliest known and accepted fossils are categorized as Australopithecus or the southern ape. A well known and famous fossil known as Lucy belongs to this fossil group, fossils of Australopithecus’s have been found in areas such as Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Chad, and South Africa and are dated as far back as 4.2 – 2.3 MYA. These primates are known as bipedal apes meaning they walked upright, members of this primate group also had facial features that were apelike, had brains half the size of chimpanzees, and weighed on average of one-hundred and five pounds. It is thought these primates adapted to arboreal and terrestrial environments because dental exams of their teeth indicate a diet rich in vegetables, fruits, and leaves. On the contrary members of the Paranthropus primates have fossils that have also been recognized these fossils have been found in places like: Kenya, Tanzania, and South Africa which are dated as far back as 2.8 – 1MYA. This species was thought to have been robust in terms of features relating to eating/chewing. It was discovered this species has a skull features that indicate important chewing muscles, broad dished out faces, and large cheek bones. All traits point to diets that consist largely of vegetables, fruits, and any other foods thought to be found in open areas. 4. Explain why variation in skin color is of no use in defining human races. In trying to use information that I have learned over the course of the last few days, it would be no use in trying to define the human race based on skin color because all humans have essentially come from the same place meaning we have all developed through evolution. Basically my understanding was that people/ humans ultimately developed stronger or weaker pigment depending on where there lived after the evolved for instance darker people may have come from hotter places where a deeper or darker pigment was needed to protect a person from the sun. Or on the other hand a lighter person assumed lighter pigment because they did not live on a place so hot so their skin or pigment adapted to the area in which they lived. How to cite Be An Anthropologist, Papers

Democracy or Dictatorship free essay sample

Democracy or dictatorship? [pic] We all have been saying in the past and even now that even the worst democracy is better than dictatorship but the question we need to ask ourselves is that even after all the efforts made by the lawyers movement and fresh elections in pakistan have we achieved a REAL democracy? At this present time we got two mainstream parties PPP and PML(a-z) both been controlled in undemocratic ways where one person lead it and no matter what happens he/she is gonna be leader and it would be passed on to there kids/families. These two parties have rules 5 times in between them twice the pmlN and twice ppp with zardari leading the ppp at this point of time but the question we need to ask is where has this democracy took us? where are we standing? Let me start from the time when everything was going fine and on March 9, 2007 Chief Justice Iftikhar Chaudhry was suspended by musharraf and the lawyers movement started, keep in mind that before that we didnt see any of these parties doing any kind of struggle against the dictator and than we saw ppp, pmlN, TI, anp and all the small parties getting in the lawyers movement. We will write a custom essay sample on Democracy or Dictatorship or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page All i see is two major parties ppp who got the federal government and pmlN who got the punjab government sitting and enjoying the ministries but none of them seems worried about a common man. I would like to take you back to dictator/musharrafs time in which we did had many problems and with all his mistakes we did see pakistan prospering where our stock exchange went to around 16000 points our reserves went to $16 billions we had increase in budget in every sector take education,health,infrastructure,defence etc etc. nd than comes our beloved SO CALLED democratic government and started helping us pakistanis by taking out the subsidies they said that the government is in bad condition cause the previous government was giving subsidies, the question is who was benefitting from all the subsidies which were given on patrol, daal, chawal,gas, electricity (all the basic necessities) etc etc. It was the common man it was helping and even when the patrol went over $140 a barrel the subsidies was only helping the common man of pakistan and now when the oil is below $40 mark we are still paying alot more and the lower prices which should have passed onto the common man have not been passed. As far as electricity and gas is concerned this government should have cracked down on corrupt people working in these departments but what do they do increase the prices to nearly 40% without even thinking about the common man of pakistan. I said it before somewhere that why have they finished all the subsidies and started that benazir income support scheme where only few families would benefit and we dont even know if the money is gonna go to the people who actually deserve it. If we look at the education budget it went high under a dictator and went down after a democratically elected government we had new univerties setup in pakistan and we were actually giving grants to poor students which have been stopped now. If we look at infrastructure we had many roads,bridges built in a dictator government than in 90s. Our defence sector got alot stronger under a dictators rule in which to name a few we actually done deals like jf-17 for airforce and deal of 4 frigates with china. Pakistan growth rate was above 6% for all those years of a dictator and after such a longtime of 6%+ growth we have a negetive growth which i suppose can be a big achievement for a democratic elected government. Some people can argue that the mess we are in is cause of the previous government and yes i can agree to that but we have had elections in the begining of last year and we had enough time to change our policy but have we done that? Pakistani people voted for a change but did this government gave us any change? why havent the pmlN bringing any bills against the government in the parliament? why is it that the pmlN members are opposing the government on talk shows and in public but not doing anything about it in the parliament. As far as i am concerned i dont care about the constitution/democracy/chief justice if i havent got electricity in my home the food in my belly if my parents/kids/family is suffering to me all these politcians can go and burn in hell cause none of these things are helping me and all i can see is that these are the only things these politicians are bothered about and to people who say even the worst kind of democracy is better than a dictatorship you got your wishes cause the worst democracy is here and its gonna get a hell of a lot worst if this government stayed for full 5 years which i personally dont see.

wo kao ni daye Essays - Kao, Dawo, , Term Papers

wo kao ni dawo kao ni da yewo kao ni wo kaowo kao ni da yewo kaowo kao ni da wo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da ye

Battle of Paoli During the American Revolution

Battle of Paoli During the American Revolution The Paoli Massacre occurred on September 20-21, 1777, during the American Revolution (1775-1783). In the late summer of 1777, General Sir William Howe embarked his army at New York City and sailed south with the goal of capturing the American capital of Philadelphia. Moving up the Chesapeake Bay, he landed at Head of Elk, MD and began marching north towards Pennsylvania. Acting to protect the city, General George Washington attempted to make a defensive stand along the Brandywine River in early September. Meeting Howe at the Battle of Brandywine on September 11, Washington was flanked by the British and forced to retreat east to Chester. While Howe paused at Brandywine, Washington crossed the Schuylkill River at Philadelphia and marched northwest with the goal of using the river as a defensive barrier. Reconsidering, he elected to re-cross to the south bank and began moving against Howe. Responding, the British commander prepared for battle and engaged the Americans on September 16. Clashing near Malvern, the fight proved brief as a massive thunderstorm descended on the area forc ing both armies to break off the battle. Wayne Detached In the wake of the Battle of the Clouds, Washington first retreated west to Yellow Springs and then to Reading Furnace in order to obtain dry powder and supplies. As the British were badly hampered by the rutted and muddy roads as well as the high water of the Schuylkill, Washington decided to detach forces led by Brigadier Generals William Maxwell and Anthony Wayne on September 18 to harass the enemys flanks and rear. It was also hoped to that Wayne, with 1,500 men that included four light guns and three troops of dragoons, could strike at Howes baggage train. To assist him in these efforts, Washington directed Brigadier General William Smallwood, who was moving north from Oxford with 2,000 militia, to rendezvous with Wayne. As Washington resupplied and began marching to re-cross the Schuylkill, Howe moved to Tredyffrin with the goal of reaching Swedes Ford. Advancing on Howes rear, Wayne encamped two miles southwest of the Paoli Tavern on September 19. Writing to Washington, he believed that his movements were unknown to the enemy and stated, I believe [Howe] knows Nothing of my situation. This was incorrect as Howe had been apprised of Waynes actions through spies and intercepted messages. Recording in his diary, British staff officer Captain John Andre commented, Intelligence having been received of the situation of General Wayne and his design for attacking our Rear, a plan was concerted for surprising him, and the execution entrusted to Major General [Charles] Grey. The British Move Seeing an opportunity to crush part of Washingtons army, Howe directed Grey to assemble a force of around 1,800 men consisting of the 42nd and 44th Regiments of Foot as well as the 2nd Light Infantry to strike at Waynes camp. Departing on the evening of September 20, Greys column moved down the Swedes Ford Road before reaching the Admiral Warren Tavern approximately one mile from the American position. In an effort to maintain secrecy, Andre reported that the column took every inhabitant with them as they passed along. At the tavern, Grey coerced a local blacksmith into serving as a guide for the final approach. Wayne Surprised Advancing around 1:00 AM on September 21, Grey ordered his men to remove the flints from their muskets to ensure that an accidental shot would not alert the Americans. Instead, he instructed his troops to rely on the bayonet, earning him the nickname No Flint.. Pushing past the tavern, the British approached around a set of woods to the north and quickly overwhelmed Waynes pickets who fired several shots. Alerted, the Americans were up and moving in a matter of moments, but were unable to resist the force of the British attack. Assaulting with around 1,200 men in three waves, Grey first sent forward the 2nd Light Infantry followed by the 44th and 42nd Foots. Pouring into Waynes camp, the British troops were able to easily spot their adversaries as they were silhouetted by their campfires. Though the Americans opened fire, their resistance was weakened as many lacked bayonets and could not fight back until they reloaded. Working to rescue the situation, Wayne was hampered by the chaos caused by the suddenness of Greys assault. With British bayonets slashing through his ranks, he directed the 1st Pennsylvania Regiment to cover the retreat of the artillery and supplies. As the British began to overwhelm his men, Wayne directed Colonel Richard Humptons 2nd Brigade to shift left to cover the retreat. Misunderstanding, Humpton instead shifted his men right and had to be corrected. With many of his men fleeing to the west through gaps in a fence, Wayne directed Lieutenant Colonel William Butlers 4th Pennsylvania Regiment to assume a position in nearby woods to provide covering fire. Wayne Routed Pressing forward, the British drove the disorganized Americans back. Andre stated, the Light Infantry being ordered to form to the front, rushed along the line putting to the bayonet all they came up with, and, overtaking the main herd of the fugitives, stabbed great numbers and pressed on their rear until it was thought prudent to order them to desist. Forced from the field, Waynes command retreated west towards White Horse Tavern with the British in pursuit. To compound the defeat, they encountered Smallwoods approaching militia who were also put to flight by the British. Breaking off the pursuit, Grey consolidated his men and returned to Howes camp later in the day. Paoli Massacre Aftermath In the fighting at Paoli, Wayne sustained 53 killed, 113 wounded, and 71 captured while Grey lost a mere 4 killed and 7 wounded. Quickly dubbed the Paoli Massacre by the Americans due to the intense, one-sided nature of the fight, there is no proof that British forces acted inappropriately during the engagement. In the wake of the Paoli Massacre, Wayne criticized Humptons performance which led to his subordinate preferred charges of negligence against his superior. A subsequent court of inquiry found that Wayne was not guilty of any misconduct but stated that he had made errors. Angered by this finding Wayne demanded and received a full court-martial. Held later that fall, it exonerated him of any blame for the defeat. Remaining with Washingtons army, Wayne later distinguished himself at the Battle of Stony Point and was present at the Siege of Yorktown. Though Grey had succeeded in smashing Wayne, the time taken for the operation allowed Washingtons army to move north of the Schuylkill and assume a position to contest a crossing of the river at Swedes Ford. Frustrated, Howe elected to move north along the river towards the upper fords. This forced Washington to follow along the north bank. Secretly counter-marching on the night of September 23, Howe reached Flatlands Ford, near Valley Forge, and crossed the river. In a position between Washington and Philadelphia, he advanced on the city which fell on September 26. Eager to rescue the situation, Washington attacked part of Howes army at the Battle of Germantown on October 4 but was narrowly defeated. Subsequent operations failed to dislodge Howe and Washington entered winter quarters at Valley Forge in December. Selected Sources British Battles: Paoli MassacreHistory of War: Paoli MassacrePaoli Battlefield

What Is a Rational Number Definition and Examples

What Is a Rational Number Definition and Examples SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Have you heard the term â€Å"rational numbers?† Are you wondering, â€Å"What is a rational number?† If so, you’re in the right place! In this article, we’ll discuss the rational number definition, give rational numbers examples, and offer some tips and tricks for understanding if a number is rational or irrational. What Is A Rational Number? In order to understand what rational numbers are, we first need to cover some basic math definitions: Integers are whole numbers (like 1, 2, 3, and 4) and their negative counterparts (like -1, -2, -3, and -4). Fractions are numbers that are expressed as ratios. A fraction is a part of a whole. Fractions have numerators, which are the numbers on the top of the fraction that show the parts taken from the whole. Fractions also have denominators, which are the numbers on the bottom of the fraction that show how many parts are in the whole. Okay! Now that we know those terms, let’s turn to our original question. What is a rational number? A rational number is a number that can be expressed as a fraction where both the numerator and the denominator in the fraction are integers. The denominator in a rational number cannot be zero. Expressed as an equation, a rational number is a number a/b, b≠ 0 where a and b are both integers. This equation shows that all integers, finite decimals, and repeating decimals are rational numbers. In other words, most numbers are rational numbers. Here’s a hint: if you’re working with a number with a long line of different decimals, then your number is irrational! If you’re working with an integer or a number with terminal or repeating decimals (like 1.333333), then your number is rational! Rational Number Examples Now that we know the rational number definition, let’s use that definition to examine some numbers and see if they’re rational or not. Let’s start with the number 6. The number 6 is an integer. It’s also a rational number. Why? Because 6 can also be expressed as 6/1. When expressed as 6, both the numerator and the denominator are integers. The denominator doesn’t equal 0. What about the number -6? -6 can be written as -6/1. Or 6/-1. Either way, -6 is a rational number, because it can be expressed as a fraction where the numerator and denominator are integers and the denominator doesn’t equal 0. What’s an Irrational Number? The opposite of rational numbers are irrational numbers. In simple terms, irrational numbers are real numbers that can’t be written as a simple fraction like 6/1. Take Ï€. Ï€ is a real number. But it’s also an irrational number, because you can’t write Ï€ as a simple fraction: Ï€ = 3.1415926535897932384626433832795 (and counting) There’s no way to write Ï€ as a simple fraction, so it’s irrational. The same goes for √2. The √2 equals 1.4142135623730950...(etc). You can’t make √2 into a simple fraction, so it’s an irrational number. Famous Irrational Numbers There aren’t any famous rational numbers, because the vast majority of numbers are rational. There are a few famous irrational numbers. Here are some ones you might have seen: e: The number e (Euler's Number) is another famous irrational number. People have also calculated e to lots of decimal places without any pattern showing. The first few digits look like this: 2.7182818284590452353602874713527. Ï€: People have calculated Pi to over a quadrillion decimal places and still there is no pattern. The first few digits look like this: 3.1415926535897932384626433832795 √: Many square roots, cube roots, etc are also irrational numbers. Examples: √3 = 1.7320508075688772935274463415059 (etc) √99 = 9.9498743710661995473447982100121 (etc) Not all square roots are irrational numbers, though! If your square root results in a whole number (like √4 or √9), then you actually are working with a rational number! That’s not the only thing you have to be careful about! Sometimes, multiplying two irrational numbers will result in a rational number. For example, √2 * √2 = 2 2 is a rational number. Main Takeaways Rational numbers are numbers that can be expressed as simple fractions. Irrational numbers are numbers that can’t be expressed as simple fractions. What's Next? Want to know the fastest and easiest ways to convert between Fahrenheit and Celsius? We've got you covered! Check out our guide to the best ways to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit (or vice versa). Are you learning about logarithms and natural logs in math class?We have a guide on all the natural log rules you need to know. Did you know that water has a very special density? Check out our guide to learn what the density of water is and how the density can change.

The development of privacy laws in the states of America. Missouri Essay

The development of privacy laws in the states of America. Missouri - Essay Example Privacy laws in the United States have their origins in the British common law, which protected individuals from only the interference with their lives and with their property. This came to be further developed in the United States with the institution of state laws and statutes, which further expanded this crime to include the interference with the emotional wellbeing of a person. With the coming and continuous development of mass media, there seems to be very little privacy being left to individuals and this has ensured that the current state privacy laws continue to evolve to make sure that the privacy of individuals is protected (Sullivan, 2010). The Missouri Revised Statute No. 565.253 states that a person will have committed the crime of invasion to privacy of the second degree if such a person deliberately views, films, or takes another person’s photographs without the latter person’s awareness or permission (Missouri Revised Statutes, 2010). Moreover, this crime will be said to have been committed if the person being filmed or photographed is in a state of nakedness or partial nakedness and if this person is in a place where he or she would anticipate a reasonable belief of their own privacy. Furthermore, this statute states that a person shall be considered to have committed the crime of invasion of privacy if he secretly takes photographs or films another person using a concealed camera or camcorder without the latter’s consent. ... These laws were later broadened to include the right of a person to be left alone and property was further defined as comprising of all forms of possessions, both tangible and intangible. Some scholars believe that the historical common law concerning privacy can still be applied today especially in situations where the right to privacy cannot be clearly defined by the current laws (Thaemert, 2002). They believe that the common law is much broader than current laws and that it would be best if it were to be taken seriously in matters concerning privacy and not disregarded as it is today. Common law privacy torts are very rarely used today and in fact, they are not applicable in cases where the affected person is considered newsworthy despite the fact that they provide a broader range of options than the Fourth Amendment. In the United States, the protection against the invasion of privacy varies from state to state and the American constitution itself does not provide strong penaltie s against it. Some states have a high level of protection against the invasion of privacy while some are more relaxed and a suspect may get off the hook easily (Siegel et al, 2009). This is not the case with common law which not only protects the right of individuals to be left alone but it also ensures that their property if protected. The common law is more specific in its application because it protects an individual from the invasion of their privacy from both the government and private citizens (Clapman, 2003). The evolution of the current laws and statutes has been largely influenced by the advent of mass media all over the world and the hunger that many people have for sensational news. Most of this highly demanded news requires that those pursuing it invade the

Discussion Forum 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion Forum 4 - Essay Example In this regard, this paper discusses appropriate solutions to the problem of brownouts using a combination of renewable and non-renewable energy sources, supporting the proposed solution on both economic and environmental grounds. Fundamentally, the non-renewable energy sources, which are the most commonly exploited energy sources, normally deplete at their respective deposits (Walker, 2010). This means that the continued exploitation of the non-renewable sources is not sustainable as compared to the renewable energy sources (Heinberg, 2004). The major sources of non-renewable energy include fossil fuels whose deposits cannot guarantee the energy demands of the future generations. On the other hand, renewable energy sources such as nuclear, hydro, wind and solar energy play an important role in ensuring that the world attains a sustainable energy exploitation and use (Johnston & Master, 2004).   Unfortunately, the non-renewable energy sources are heading for depletion leading to rampant situations of brownouts. This is particularly so because the current level of exploitation of the renewable energy sources is not adequate to meet the global demand (Johnston & Master, 2004). This is despite the fact that major players channel enormous amounts of resources to the project each year in attempts to promote the use of cleaner energy for both domestic and industrial purposes. In addition, brownouts occur majorly because a vast majority of the energy created is lost through wastage rather than conservation (Walker, 2010). In this regard, the best suggestion would be that the world be more cautious with the non-renewable energy due to the numerous environmental challenges such as waste disposal and interruption to the ecosystem. An approach that leans towards storing energy would work best for many countries in the reduction of cases of brownouts

Image Super-Resolver using Cascaded Linear Regression

Image Super-Resolver using Cascaded Linear Regression Abstract A number of existing super-resolution algorithms fail in modeling the relationship between high and low resolution image patches and time complexity in training the model. To overcome the above-stated problem, simple, effective, robust and fast image super-resolver (SERF) based on cascaded linear regression has been used for learning the model parameters. The image divided into patches are grouped into clusters using k-means clustering algorithm for learning the model parameter based on series of linear least square function, named cascaded linear regression to identify the missing detail information. This approach has been simulated using MATLAB for various images. The simulation results show that SERF gives better PSNR and less computation cost compared to existing methods. Keywords-Cascaded linear regression, example learning based image super-resolution, K-means. Super-Resolution (SR) is the process of producing a high-resolution (HR) image or video from low-resolution images or frames. In this technology, multiple low-resolution (LR) images are applied to generate the single high-resolution image. The image super-resolution is applied in a wide range, including the areas of military, medicine, public safety and computer vision, all of which will be in great need of this technology. The SR process is an ill-posed inverse problem, even though the estimation of HR image from LR input image has many possible solutions. There are many SR algorithms available to resolve this ill-pose problem. Interpolation Based method is the most intuitive method for the image super-resolution. This kind of algorithm has the low-resolution image registered on the grid of the high-resolution image to be calculated. Reconstruction based method is mainly based on iterative back projection method. This algorithm is very convergent, simple and direct, but the resoluti on is not steady and unique. Because of the limitation of the reconstruction algorithm, the learning-based super-resolution technology emerges as an active research area. Learning based approach synthesize HR image from a training set of HR and LR image pairs. This approach commonly works on the image patches (Equal-sized patches which is divided from the original image with overlaps between neighbouring patches). Since, learning based method achieves good performance result for HR image recovery; most of the recent technologies follow this methodology. Freeman et al [1] describe a learning based method for low-level vision problem-estimating scenes from images and modeling the relation between synthetic world of images and its corresponding images with markov network. This technique use Bayesian belief propagation to find out a local maximum of the posterior probability for the scene of given image. This method shows the benefits of applying machine learning network and large datasets to the problem of visual interpretation. Sun et al [2] use the Bayesian approach to image hallucination where HR images are hallucinated from a generic LR images using a set of training images. For practical applications, the robustness of this Bayesian approach produces an inaccurate PSF. To overcome the estimation of PSF, Wang et al [3] propose a framework. It is based on annealed Gibbs sampling method. This framework utilized both SR reconstruction constraint and a patch based image synthesis constraint in a general probabilistic and also has poten tial to reduce the other low-level vision related problems. A new approach introduced by Yang et al [4] to represent single image super-resolution via sparse representation. With the help of low resolution input image sparse model, output high resolution image can be generated. This method is superior to patch-based super-resolution method [3]. Zedye et al [5] proposed a sparse representation model for single image scale-up problem. This method reduces the computational complexity and algorithmic architecture than Zhan [6] model. Gao et al [7] introduce the sparsity based single image super-resolution by proposing a structure prior based sparse representation. But, this model lags in estimation of model parameter and sparse representation. Freedman et al [8] extend the existing example-based learning framework for up-scaling of single image super-resolution. This extended method follows a local similarity assumption on images and extract localized region from input image. This techn ique retains the quality of image while reducing the nearest-neighbour search time. Some recent techniques for single image SR learn a mapping from LR domain to HR domain through regression operation. Inspired by the concept of regression [9], Kim [10] and Ni Nguyen [11] use the regression model for estimating the missing detail information to resolve SR problem. Yang and Wang [12] presented a self-learning approach for SR, which advance support vector regression (SVR) with image sparse co-efficient to make the model relationship between LR and HR domain. This method follows bayes decision theory for selecting the optimal SVR model which produces the minimum SR reconstruction error Kim and Kwon [13] proposed kernel ridge regression (KRR) to train the model parameter for single image SR. He and siu [14] presented a model which estimates the parameter using Gaussian process regression (GPR).Some efforts have been taken to reduce the time complexity. Timofte et al [15] proposed Anchored neighbourhood regression (ANR) with projection matrices for mapping the LR image patches onto the HR image patches. Yang et al [16] combined two fundamental SR approaches-learning from datasets and l earning from self-examples. The effect of noise and visual artifacts are suppressed by combining the regression on multiple in-place examples for better estimation. Dong et al [17] [18] proposed a deep learning convolutional neural network (CNN) to model the relationship between LR and HR images. This model performs end-to-end mapping which formulates the non-linear mapping and jointly optimize the number of layers. An important issues of the example learning based image SR technique are how to model the mapping relationship between LR and HR image patches; most existing models either hard to diverse natural images or consume a lot of time to train the model parameters. The existing regression functions cannot model the complicated mapping relationship between LR and HR images. Considering this problem, we have developed a new image super-resolver for single image SR which consisting of cascaded linear regression (series of linear regression) function. In this method, first the images are subdivided into equal-sized image patches and these image patches are grouped into clusters during training phase. Then, each clusters learned with model parameter by a series of linear regression, thereby reducing the gap of missing detail information. Linear regression produces a closed-form solution which makes the proposed method simple and efficient. The paper is organized as follows. Section II describes a series of linear regression, results are discussed in section III and section IV concludes the paper. Inspired by the concept of linear regression method for face detection [19], a series of linear regression framework is used for image super-resolution. Here, the framework of cascaded linear regression in and how to use it for image SR were explained. A. Series of Linear Regression Framework The main idea behind cascaded linear regression is to learn a set of linear regression function for each cluster thereby gradually decreasing the gaps of high frequency details between the estimated HR image patches and the ground truth image patches. In order to produce the original HR image from LR input image, first interpolate LR image to obtain the interpolated LR image with same size as HR image. This method works at the patch level, each linear regressor parameter computes an increment from a previous image patch, and the present image patch is then updated in cascaded manner. (1) (2) denotes the estimated image patch after t-stages. denotes the estimated increment. denotes feature extractor by which the f-dimensional feature vector can be obtained. Linear regressor parameters at t-stage T Total number of regression stages. The next step is learning of the linear regression parameters and for T stages. Relying on these linear regression T stages, parameters for regressors are subsequently learnt to reduce the total number of reconstruction errors and to make presently updated image patch more appropriate to generate the HR patch. Using least squares form to optimize and , it can be written as, (3) The regularization term accomplishes a constraint on the linear regression parameters and to avert over-fitting and ÃŽÂ ² be the data fidelity term and the regularization term. At each regression stage, a new dataset values can be created by recurrently applying the update rule in (1) with learnedand. Next, and can be learned subsequently using (2) in cascade manner. Fig. 1. Flow of cascaded linear regression framework B. Pseudo code For Cascaded Linear Regression Algorithm The Pseudo code for cascaded linear regression algorithm for training phase is given below, Input: , image patch size à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡d xà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡d for t=1 to T do { Apply k-means to obtain cluster centres for i = 1 to c do { compute A and b. update the values of A and b in . } end for } end for The output of this training phase is and cluster centroid. C. SERF Image Super-Resolver This section deals with cascaded linear regression based SERF image. The process starts by converting color image from the RGB space into the YCbCr space where the Y channel represents luminance, and the Cb and Cr channels represent the chromaticity. SERF is only applied to the Y channel. The Cb and Cr channels reflect G and B channels of the interpolated LR image. D. SERF Implementation To extract the high frequency details from each patch by subtracting the mean value from each patch as feature patch denoted as . Since the frequency content is missing from the initially estimated image patches, the goal of a series of linear regression is to compensate for high frequency detail (4), (4) To diminish the error between HR feature patch and the estimated feature patch, it is normal that the regression output should be small. Hence, by putting the constraint on regularization term to (4), the output is, (5) Where, ÃŽÂ » is the regularization parameter. t Denotes the number of regression stages. denotes the feature extractor. ÃŽÂ ² and ÃŽÂ » are set to 1 and 0.25. A closed-form solution for equation (5) can be computed by making the partial derivative of equation (5) equal to zero. In testing phase, for a given LR image, bicubic interpolation is applied to up sample it by a factor of r. This interpolated image is divided into M image patches. Feature patches are calculated by subtracting the mean value from each image patch. At the tth stage, each feature patch is assigned to a cluster l according to the Euclidean distance. To obtain the feature subsequently, linear regression parameters are applied to compute the increment. Concurrently, the feature patch is updated using, (6) After passing through T-stages, reconstructed image patches are obtained by adding mean value to the final feature patches. All the reconstructed patches are then combined with the overlapping area and then averaged to generate the original HR image. E. Pseudo code For SERF Image Super-Resolver Algorithm The pseudo code for SERF image super-resolver algorithm is as follows: Inputs: Y, a, r, for t=1 to T do { Adapt each patch clusterto a cluster. Compute. Update the values of A and b in } End for The output will be the High Resolution image (HR). The simulation of the SERF image super-resolver is done by using MATLAB R2013a for various images. The LR image is read from image folder and is processed using the algorithms explained before. The output HR image is taken after regression stages. The implementation is done by considering many reference images. The colour image (RGB) is first converted into YCbCr space, where Y channel represents luminance. Cb and Cr are simply copied from the interpolated LR image. The number of cluster size is 200. Image patch size 5 x 5 and magnification factor is set to 3. a)LR input b)HR input (c)Zooming result Fig.2. SERF Result under Magnification Factor 3 a)LR input b)HR output c)zooming result Fig.3. SERF Result under Magnification Factor 2 a)LR input b)HR output c)zooming result Fig.4. SERF Result under Magnification Factor 1 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) Fig.5. Comparisons ResultsButterfly (a) ground truth image (original size is 256 ÃÆ'- 256); (a)super-resolution results of (b) SRCNN, (c) ScSR, (d) Zeydes, (e) ANR, (f) BPJDL,(g) SPM, and (h) SERF. Zeydes [5] method gives noiseless image, but texture details are not well reconstructed as shown Figure (d). The BPJDL [14] methods generate sharper edges when compared to other methods as shown Figure (f). Figure (h) shows the zooming results of SERF method that performs well for both reconstruction and visual artifacts suppression. TABLE I:PSNR AND SSIM VALUES UNDER MAGNIFICATION FACTOR OF 1, 2 AND 3. Magnification Factor PSNR SSIM TIME(s) 3 29.0775 0.839 0.4323 2 30.5 0.812 0.4000 1 38.4 0.798 0.3870 TABLE II:PSNR AND SSIM VALUES UNDER MAGNIFICATION FACTOR OF 3 FOR TESTING IMAGES. S.NO IMAGES PSNR SSIM TIME(s) 1 Baboon 23.63 0.532 0.3115 2 Baby 35.29 0.906 0.4148 3 Butterfly 26.87 0.883 0.2018 4 Comic 24.32 0.755 0.2208 5 Man 28.19 0. 778 0.5468 6 zebra 29.09 0.839 0.4324 For magnification factor of 3, SERF outplays ScSR method by an average PSNR gain of 0.43dB, Zeydes [5] method by 0.37dB, ANR [15] by 0.44dB, BPJDL [14] method by 0.23dB and the SPM [7] method by 0.16dB. SERF gives average SSIM value of 0.8352 and it is fastest method compared to existing methods (TABLE III). TABLE III: PSNR AND SSIM VALUE COMPARISON OF SERF METHOD WITH EXISTING METHODS UNDER MAGNIFICATION FACTOR OF 3. EXISTING METHODS PSNR SSIM TIME(s) ScSR [4] 23.69 0.8835 7.27 Zeydes [5] 23.60 0.8765 0.06 ANR [15] 24.32 0.8687 0.02 BPJDL [14] 24.17 0.8890 17.85 SPM [7] 24.63 0.8982 0.74 SERF 29.0775 0.8352 0.23 SERF has few parameters to control the model, and results in easy adaption for training a new model when the experimental settings, zooming factors and databases were changed. The cascaded linear regression algorithm and SERF image super-resolver has been simulated in MATLAB2013a. SERF Image super-resolver achieves better performance with sharper details for magnification factor up to 3. This model reduces the gaps of high-frequency details between the HR image patch and the LR image patch gradually and thus recovers the HR image in a cascaded manner. This cascading process promises the convergence of SERF image super-resolver. This method can also be applied to other heterogeneous image transformation fields such as face sketch photo synthesis. Further this algorithm will be implemented on FPGA by proposing suitable VLSI architectures. REFERENCES [1] W. Freeman, E. Pasztor, and O. Carmichael, Learning low-level vision, International Journal of Computer Vision, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 25-47,2000. [2] J. Sun, N. Zheng, H. Tao, and H. Shum, Image hallucination with primal sketch priors, in Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2003, pp. 729-736. [3] Q. Wang, X. Tang, and H. Shum, Patch based blind image super resolution, in Proceedings of IEEE international Conference on Computer Vision, 2005, pp. 709-716. [4] J. Yang, J. Wright, T. Huang, and Y. Ma, Image super-resolution via sparse representation, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 19,no. 11, pp. 2861-2873,2010. [5] R. Zeyde, M. Elad, and M. Protter, On single image scale-up using sparse-representations, in Proceedings of Curves and Surfaces, 2012, pp. 711-730. [6] X. Gao, K. Zhang, D. Tao, and X. Li, Joint learning for single-image super-resolution via a coupled constraint, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 469-480, 2012. [7] K. Zhang, X. Gao, D. Tao, and X. Li, Single image super-resolution with multiscale similarity learning, IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems, vol. 24, no. 10, pp. 1648-1659, 2013. [8] G. Freedman and G. Fattal, Image and video upscaling from local selfexamples, ACM Transactions on Graphics, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 1-10, 2011. [9] K. Zhang, D. Tao, X. Gao, X. Li, and Z. Xiong, Learning multiple linear mappings for efficient single image super-resolution, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 846-861, 2015. [10] K. Kim, D. Kim, and J. Kim, Example-based learning for image super resolution, in Proceedings of Tsinghua-KAIST Joint Workshop Pattern Recognition, 2004, pp. 140-148. [11] K. Zhang, D. Tao, X. Gao, X. Li, and Z. Xiong, Learning multiple linear mappings for efficient single image super-resolution, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 846-861, 2015. [12] M. Yang and Y. Wang, A self-learning approach to single image super resolution, IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 498-508, 2013. [13] K. Kim and K. Younghee, Single-image super-resolution using sparse regression and natural image prior, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 1127-1133, 2010. [14] H. He and W. Siu, Single image super-resolution using gaussian process regression, in Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2011, pp. 449-456. [15] R. Timofte, V. Smet, and L. Gool, Anchored neighborhood regression for fast example-based super-resolution, in Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Computer Vision, 2013, pp. 1920-1927. [16] J. Yang, Z. Lin, and S. Cohen, Fast image super-resolution based on in-place example regression, in Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2013, pp. 1059-1066. [17] C. Dong, C. Loy, K. He, and X. Tang, Learning a deep convolutional network for image super-resolution, in Proceedings of European Conference on Computer Vision, 2014, pp. 184-199. [18] C. Dong, C. Loy, K. He, and X. Tang, Image super-resolution using deep convolutional networks, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, DOI:10.1109/TPAMI.2015.2439281, 2015. [19] P. Viola and M. Jones, Robust real-time face detection, International Journal of Computer Vision, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 137-154, 2004.